Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008

This study investigates the trigger factors behind the recurring conflict in Mt. Elgon area, Kenya between 1945 and 2008. Mt. Elgon area has experienced persistent inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic conflicts that have affected the social, economic and political aspects of the community. The study aims to identify and analyze the key factors that have consistently contributed to the resurgence of conflict in the area during the specified period. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing a combination of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and archival research. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants, including community elders, local leaders, and representatives from relevant government agencies and non-governmental organizations. Thematic analysis was used to examine the collected data and identify emerging patterns and themes. The findings reveal that historical land injustices, politicization of ethnicity, cattle rustling, proliferation of small arms and light weapons, poverty and marginalization, and weakened traditional conflict resolution mechanisms are the primary triggers of recurring conflict in Mt. Elgon area. The study concludes that addressing these underlying issues through inclusive land reforms, socio-economic empowerment, ethnic cohesion, and strengthening of local peace-building institutions is crucial for sustainable peace and development in the region. The research contributes to the understanding of persistent conflict drivers in Mt. Elgon and offers insights for policy and practice in conflict prevention and resolution.